Growth hormone (GH) release peaks, stimulating tissue repair and muscle recovery.
Cortisol, the stress hormone, reaches its lowest point.
The lymphatic and glymphatic systems clear waste products from the body and brain.
Energy is redirected from action to restoration.
When this rhythm is interrupted — by stress, late meals, or irregular sleep patterns — the entire system loses its efficiency.
You may sleep for hours, but wake up unrefreshed.
Hormone | Function | Sleep phase involved |
Melatonin | Triggers sleep onset, lowers body temperature | Rises at nightfall |
Growth Hormone (GH) | Supports tissue repair, protein synthesis | Peaks in deep sleep |
Cortisol | Maintains alertness; must decline at night | Lowest at midnight |
Leptin & Ghrelin | Regulate appetite and metabolism | Balanced during sufficient sleep |
Recovery at night depends on cellular biochemistry — not just rest.
Several nutrients contribute to functions officially recognized by EFSA under Regulation (EU) 432/2012:
Nutrient | EFSA-approved function | Role in regeneration |
Magnesium | Contributes to normal functioning of the nervous system and to normal protein synthesis | Supports muscle relaxation and tissue repair |
Zinc | Contributes to normal protein synthesis and maintenance of normal skin, hair, and nails | Supports tissue growth and renewal |
Vitamin C | Contributes to normal collagen formation for normal function of skin, bones, and cartilage | Aids antioxidant protection during repair |
Vitamin B6, B12, Niacin (B3) | Contribute to normal energy-yielding metabolism | Help energy production for cellular recovery |
Reference: Commission Regulation (EU) No 432/20
Regeneration begins when the world grows quiet enough for biology to listen.